RT Book, Section A1 Riggins, Gregory J. A1 Morin, Patrice J. A2 Valle, David L. A2 Antonarakis, Stylianos A2 Ballabio, Andrea A2 Beaudet, Arthur L. A2 Mitchell, Grant A. SR Print(0) ID 1181413353 T1 Gene Expression Profiling in Cancer T2 The Online Metabolic and Molecular Bases of Inherited Disease YR 2019 FD 2019 PB McGraw-Hill Education PP New York, NY SN 9780071459969 LK ommbid.mhmedical.com/content.aspx?aid=1181413353 RD 2024/03/28 AB Gene expression profiling is a powerful new approach for viewing the expression of many genes simultaneously in different types of malignant or normal cells. Using computational approaches, differentially expressed genes or informative patterns of expressed genes are mined from large data sets produced by new expression profiling technology. This technology yields the opportunity to classify tumors by gene expression and to locate genes of diagnostic or therapeutic importance.DNA array technology uses thousands of DNA fragments arrayed on a solid surface in order to probe many messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) levels in one experiment. Both oligonucleotides and portions of complementary deoxyribonucleic acid (cDNA) are used as hybridization probes on the arrays. Clustering and other statistical based algorithms are used to locate patterns of gene expression of importance when analyzing large numbers of RNA samples.Serial Analysis of Gene Expression (SAGE) is a sequencing based technology that provides an in-depth quantitative assessment of gene expression. SAGE works by counting transcripts and storing digital values electronically, providing absolute gene expression levels that make historical comparisons and databasing facile. It is useful for studying small numbers of tissue or cellular samples derived from well-controlled experiments.Gene expression profiling techniques have been used to obtain global gene expression patterns from several common malignancies and corresponding normal tissues. These studies highlight the potential of gene expression profiling in cancer taxonomy, and in the identification of molecular targets for diagnosis and therapy.Gene expression profiling has been used in the dissection of specific oncogenic molecular pathways, including the p53 tumor-suppressor pathway, the APC/β-catenin pathway, and numerous in vitro and in vivo models of angiogenesis and cancer drug resistance.